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At the beginning of the new millenium, Akmolinsk-Tselinograd-Akmola is transforming into Astana, the new capital
of new independent Kazakhstan. The natural, economic, and communications resources of the region and the special human and
historical legacies left by deportations and tselina make the choice of the former Virgin Lands capital not as puzzling as
the stereotypes in the Western and Russian press suggest. President Nazarbaev opened a monument to the victims of famine and
repression outside of his new capital.
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